Neural tube defects (NTD) like spina bifida and anencephaly are one of the most common birth defects today. Affecting the brain and spinal cord of a fetus, this can occur before a woman even realizes she is pregnant.

The health of a fetus and the mother are always the top priorities during pregnancy and although maintaining good health habits statistically reduces the risk of birth defects, the possibility of birth defects cannot be completely eliminated.

When an opening in the brain or spinal cord occurs early in the embryo’s development, it is known as NTD. The cord of the embryo begins to develop and roll into a tube approximately 28 days after the baby is conceived and with normal development, the cord will close. When the neural tube does not close completely, an open NTD occurs.

According to a published report by Duke University, NTD are one of the most common birth defects in America and occur in approximately one in one-thousand live births.

One of the best ways a woman can combat this risk is by taking a prenatal vitamin with folic acidbefore she is pregnant.

The FDA has recognized the serious nature of NTD and taken action by requiring many foods like breads, grains and cereals to be fortified with folic acid in an effort to battle this defect.

Folic acid, a synthetic form of folate and from one of the Vitamin B categories, is considered by many the most important supplement a woman can take during pregnancy.

It has become common knowledge that folic acid is essential in the development of a healthy baby.

Studies have shown that by taking folic acid in the recommended dose, usually 800 mcg to 1000 mcg, a woman can decrease her risk of a neural tube defect by up to 70%.

Depending upon family history of NTD, the dosage may vary.

Folic acid may also play a role in decreasing the risks for other serious birth defects such as cleft palate, congenital heart defects and chronic disease conditions such as heart disease, several cancers and Alzheimer’s disease.

The elimination of caffeine, alcohol and nicotine during pregnancyis of course an obvious choice by women who are pregnant or trying to get pregnant, but the addition of folic acid must be integrated into a daily routine immediately to help stave off neural tube defects.

Studies indicate that low folic acid levels can cause severe birth defectsof the brain and spinal cord called neural tube defects. Low folic acid levels may even reduce the chance of a woman carrying to term.

Many women who are trying to get pregnant and not taking a prenatal vitamin find their levels well below the suggested safe levels recommended by the FDA.

They spend the first several weeks of pregnancy with unsafe levels of these nutrients in their systems increasing their risks of having a baby born with birth defects.

With this in mind, anyone even considering pregnancy should be taking a prenatal vitamin with at least 800 mcg of folic acid each day. For women with low folate levels, of advanced age or who are experiencing fertility issues, doctors may recommend a prescription prenatal vitamin that contains 1000 mcg for a more aggressive approach.

The most important nutrient in a prenatal vitamin is folic acid. Folate can also be found in green leafy vegetables, nuts, beans and citrus fruits. The FDA requires that many flour products such as breads, buns and bagels be fortified with extra folic acid. Breakfast cereals and fortified enriched grain products offer the nutrient as well.

Calcium is another important nutrient in a prenatal vitamin. A growing fetus consumes much of the mother’s calcium during pregnancy; thus creating a low level in the mother’s system that may result in bone density loss and increase the chance of osteoporosis later in life. Calcium can also be found in dairy products such as milk, cheese and yogurt. Many juices are now fortified with calcium as well.

Iron is also an essential nutrient for maintaining a healthy pregnancy. The mother’s body creates additional amounts of blood during pregnancy to support a growing baby. With a higher volume of blood present in her system she needs supplemental iron to maintain a healthy level throughout her blood supply. Keeping a healthy level of iron lowers the risk in pregnant women of developing iron-deficiency anemia. Natural sources of iron include meat, fish and poultry. Other sources of iron may include beans, dried fruits, whole grains, fortified cereals and enriched breads.

Vitamins A, B, C, D, E, niacin and zinc are also found in a prenatal vitamin tablet. Although most experts agree that proper levels of folic acid, calcium and iron are most essential in carrying a healthy baby to term, these other vitamins are important as well.

Some women taking prenatal vitamins have experienced mild side effects like constipation and nausea. The constipation may be caused by the iron supplement. Drinking more water than usual may ease the constipation. Nausea can be reduced by taking the prenatal vitamin with food later in the day.