Limiting VOC exposure will aid in conception
January 3, 2010 by Cindy Ferda · Leave a Comment
In a report from the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are emitted as gases from certain solids or
liquids. VOCs include a variety of chemicals, some of which may have short-term and long term adverse health effects; including reproductively.
Concentrations of many VOCs are consistently higher indoors (up to ten times higher) than outdoors. VOCs are emitted by a wide array of products numbering in the thousands. Examples include: paints and lacquers, paint strippers, cleaning supplies, pesticides, building materials and furnishings, office equipment such as copiers and printers, correction fluids and carbonless copy paper, graphics and craft materials including glues and adhesives, permanent markers, and photographic solutions.
Organic chemicals are widely used as ingredients in household products. Paints, varnishes, and wax all contain organic solvents, as do many cleaning, disinfecting, cosmetic, degreasing, and hobby products. Fuels are made up of organic chemicals. All of these products can release organic compounds while you are using them, and, to some degree, when they are stored.
The EPA’s Office of Research and Development’s ‘Total Exposure Assessment Methodology (TEAM) Study’ (Volumes I through IV, completed in 1985) found levels of about a dozen common organic pollutants to be 2 to 5 times higher inside homes than outside, regardless of whether the homes were located in rural or highly industrial areas.
TEAM studies indicated that while people are using products containing organic chemicals, they can expose themselves and others to very high pollutant levels, and elevated concentrations can persist in the air long after the activity is completed.
Some of the household products include, paints, paint strippers and other solvents, wood preservatives, aerosol sprays, cleansers and disinfectants, moth repellents, air fresheners, stored fuels and automotive products, hobby supplies and dry-cleaned clothing.
Health Effects
The harmful health effects include, eye, nose, and throat irritation, headaches, loss of coordination, nausea, damage to liver, kidney and central nervous system. Some organics [VOCs] can cause cancer in animals; some are suspected or known to cause cancer in humans. Key signs or symptoms associated with exposure to VOCs include conjunctival irritation, nose and throat discomfort, headache, allergic skin reaction, dyspnea, declines in serum cholinesterase levels, nausea, emesis, epistaxis, fatigue, dizziness.
The ability of organic chemicals to cause health effects varies greatly from those that are highly toxic, to those with no known health effect. As with other pollutants, the extent and nature of the health effect will depend on many factors including level of exposure and length of time exposed. Eye and respiratory tract irritation, headaches, dizziness, visual disorders, and memory impairment are among the immediate symptoms that some people have experienced soon after exposure to some organics. At present, not much is known about what health effects occur from the levels of organics usually found in homes. Many organic compounds are known to cause cancer in animals; some are suspected of causing, or are known to cause, cancer in humans.
Steps to Reduce Exposure
Increase ventilation when using products that emit VOCs. Meet or exceed any label precautions. Do not store opened containers of unused paints and similar materials within an enclosed area. Formaldehyde, one of the best known VOCs, is one of the few indoor air pollutants that can be readily measured. Identify, and if possible, remove the source. If not possible to remove, reduce exposure by using a sealant on all exposed surfaces of paneling and other furnishings. Use integrated pest management techniques to reduce the need for pesticides.
- Use household products according to manufacturer’s directions.
- Make sure you provide plenty of fresh air when using these products.
- Throw away unused or little-used containers safely; buy in quantities that you will use soon.
- Keep out of reach of children and pets.
- Never mix household care products unless directed on the label.
Follow label instructions carefully
Potentially hazardous products often have warnings aimed at reducing exposure of the user. For example, if a label says to use the product in a well ventilated area, go outdoors or in areas equipped with an exhaust fan to use it. Otherwise, open up windows to provide the maximum amount of outdoor air possible.
Because gases can leak even from closed containers, this single step could help lower concentrations of organic chemicals in your home. (Be sure that materials you decide to keep are stored not only in a well-ventilated area but are also safely out of reach of children.) Do not simply toss these unwanted products in the garbage can. Find out if your local government or any organi- zation in your community sponsors special days for the collection of toxic household wastes. If such days are available, use them to dispose of the un- wanted containers safely. If no such collection days are available, think about organizing one.
Buy limited quantities
If you use products only occasionally or seasonally, such as paints, paint strip- pers, and kerosene for space heaters or gasoline for lawn mowers, buy only as much as you will use right away.
Keep exposure to emissions from products containing methylene chloride to a minimum
Consumer products that contain methylene chloride include paint strippers, adhesive removers, and aerosol spray paints. Methylene chloride is known to cause cancer in animals. Also, methylene chloride is converted to carbon monoxide in the body and can cause symptoms associated with exposure to carbon monoxide. Carefully read the labels containing health hazard information and cautions on the proper use of these products. Use products that con- tain methylene chloride outdoors when possible; use indoors only if the area is well ventilated.
Benzene is a known human carcinogen. The main indoor sources of this chemical are environmental tobacco smoke, stored fuels and paint supplies, and automobile emissions in attached garages. Actions that will reduce benzene exposure include eliminating smoking within the home, providing for maximum ventilation during painting, and discarding paint supplies and spe- cial fuels that will not be used immediately.
Keep exposure to perchloroethylene emissions from newly dry-cleaned materials to a minimum
Perchloroethylene is the chemical most widely used in dry cleaning. In laboratory studies, it has been shown to cause cancer in animals. Recent studies indicate that people breathe low levels of this chemical both in homes where dry-cleaned goods are stored and as they wear dry-cleaned clothing. Dry cleaners recapture the perchloroethylene during the dry-cleaning process so they can save money by re-using it, and they remove more of the chemical during the pressing and finishing processes. Some dry cleaners, however, do not remove as much perchloroethylene as possible all of the time. Taking steps to minimize your exposure to this chemical is prudent.
If dry-cleaned goods have a strong chemical odor when you pick them up, do not accept them until they have been properly dried. If goods with a chemical odor are returned to you on subsequent visits, try a different dry cleaner.
20 strategies for getting pregnant (Part 1)
January 27, 2009 by Cindy Ferda · 10 Comments
Each year, millions of women delve into the world of baby-making to begin their journey of fulfilling their dreams of having a family.
Today, with more women in the workforce than ever before, women are waiting longer to begin their families, thus it is becoming increasingly difficult for some women to conceive due to their advanced age.
Altering ones course of action with a few new dietary and supplemental choices, exercising regularly or even changing intercourse positions may help lead you directly to the nursery.
photo/Petr Kratochvil
Compiled from medical professionals and women who have conceived, the following 20 tips for getting pregnant have worked for women across the globe.
1. Water. Couples must drink plenty of water. Studies suggest proper hydration aids in fertility and conception as well as overall health. Without optimal hydration, the male sperm count and quality may be adversely affected and a woman’s cervical mucus may become more hostile to sperm.
2. Moderate and regular exercise. Studies indicate maintaining a proportionate weight to your height aids in upping your conception chances. Always check with a licensed medical professional regarding pregnancy and exercise.
3. Folic Acid. A woman should prepare the body ahead of time by taking a pre-natal vitamin with 800 mcg’s of folic acid well in advance. Some fertility specialists and reproductive endocrinologists suggest a program of at least double for a certain period of time depending on individual circumstances. Ask your doctor if you are a candidate for a higher level of folic acid.
4. Folic acid and zinc sulfate. Studies show a 74% increase in sperm and sperm motility for some men when they incorporate 5mg of folic acid and 66mg of zinc sulfate a day for 26 weeks into their diet. Check with a medical professional before beginning this regime. Taking a regular multi-vitamin daily will aid in proper male nutrition. This again may lead to better sperm.
5. Diet. Both men and women must eat a well-balanced, nutritional diet, rich in B vitamins, iron, calcium and folic acid. The Fertility Diet by Jorge Chavarro, M.D., Walter C. Willett, M.D., and Patrick J. Skerrett offers up some delicious healthy choices including ice cream but warns against trans fats. Some fertility experts, like celebrity Jennifer Lopez’ doc advise eating spinach 3 times a day will boost conception and pregnancy rates.
6. Caffeine. Remove caffeine from your diet even before you are pregnant. Unfortunately this includes chocolate. Some studies indicate an intake of more than 300 mg of caffeine per day can seriously impact fertility as well as hamper the ability of the body to absorb calcium and iron.
7. Alcohol. Stop alcohol consumption. According to a report from the Mayo Clinic, alcohol is one of the few causes of mental retardation that is preventable by stopping consumption ahead of time.
8. Smoking. Stop smoking. According to the surgeon general, smoking tobacco products may lead to birth defects and/or low birth weight. A study from Vanderbilt University Medical Center states marijuana use may increase the risk of ectopic pregnancies and miscarriages. Additionally, sperm may be altered by tobacco and marijuana as well.
9. Appetite suppressants. Just say no. A study from the State University of New York warn weight-loss drugs currently being used need more careful evaluation the their effects on pregnant women and those attempting to conceive.
10. Switch to a water-based lubricant. Oil-based personal lubricants may hinder sperm.
Sperm and the zinc-folic factor
January 12, 2009 by Cindy Ferda · Leave a Comment
If you or anyone you know has been trying to conceive a baby for months or even years without success, it may be time to look into the zinc sulfate and folic acid factor and how it relates to sperm count.
A contributing factor in male infertility could be as simple as low zinc and/or folic acid levels. Folate-rich foods like green leafy vegetables, beans or orange juice will help a man maintain a healthy balanced diet, but remember the body does not make enough zinc or folic acid on its own, so it must be obtained from one’s diet and/or supplements.
photo/Wikimedia Commons
Without the proper levels of these trace minerals, the body does not operate at full throttle; including reproductively. In some cases sperm motility is negatively affected as well as the sperm count.
Recent studies indicate zinc supplements along with folic acid may increase sperm count and improve sperm motility in some men.
One published Dutch study claims men who are having difficulty impregnating their partner may increase their sperm count by up to 74% by taking 5mg of folic acid and 66mg of zinc sulfate a day for 26 weeks. It did caution however, that taken alone, there was no significant improvement in sperm count.
Although zinc is an essential mineral required to operate the human body properly, excessive amounts may be harmful, so always consult your physician before beginning any new regimen.
Success rate of in vitro fertilization (IVF)
December 6, 2008 by Cindy Ferda · 1 Comment
For many women, the “baby quest” can be an emotionally daunting and costly experience, devoting many years and big bucks to the cause. According to the most recent National Summary and Fertility Clinic Report from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Centers for Disease Control and Preventionabout 12% of women of childbearing age in the United States have used an infertility service and the percentage of women who give birth using an infertility aid each year is steadily climbing. When natural methods fail, many women between the ages of 28 and 48 are turning to an assisted reproductive technology technique called In Vitro Fertilization (IVF).
Of the 422 fertility clinics in operation and participating in this report during this time, 134,260 ART cycles were performed resulting in 38,910 births for a success rate of 29%. The majority of women using ART techniques ranged between the ages of 30-39 (68%). Women 40+ made up an additional 21%.
The IVF process begins when a woman stimulates her ovaries by taking an oral medication like Clomidor Serophene to produce or develop eggs. She can also be monitored for natural egg production via ultra-sounds or blood work. Once her egg(s) reach maturation and are potentially viable they are removed during an outpatient medical procedure called follicular aspiration which entails sending a thin needle through the vaginal canal and into each ovary (follicle) containing the egg(s). With the needle connected to a suction apparatus, it removes the egg(s) and fluid from each ovary. Mild cramping may occur for a short period of time.
photo/ Wikimedia Commons
In lab, the egg(s) and sperm are combined to create an embryo or embryos. Under a watchful eye, technicians monitor the development of the embryo(s) and days later, the most viable one(s) are selected and transferred through the vaginal canal, cervix, and then into the uterus during an outpatient procedure at a doctor’s office, fertility clinic or hospital. If the procedure is successful, a woman will know if she is pregnant within two weeks.
The IVF method has been used successfully in the United States since 1981. Studies support a higher percentage of conception success rates with embryo transfers to the uterus occurring on day 3 and day 5 out of the 1 to 6 day window of opportunity for this procedure.
Many factors come into play in the success of IVF such as age, origin of infertility, ovarian reserve, FSH level, semen attributes, the woman’s response to treatment, general over-all health condition, the use of a woman’s own fresh egg(s), frozen egg(s) or donor egg(s), emotional state, health insurance coverage and monetary concerns.
There are a number of other ART techniques to consider in addition to IVF such as GIFT and ZIFT with the latter being a minimally invasive surgical procedure performed laparoscopically (MIS) with a small incision (2-3cm) made through the abdomen. A woman will gain a better understanding of which procedure(s) she is a better candidate for after consulting with her OB/GYN or fertility specialist.
Although multiple embryo transfers may pose more of a health risk concern for both the mother and babies, studies suggest the rate of successful live births does increase with more than one embryo transfer.
As a woman matures, her viable egg(s) begin to diminish, especially after 40. For these women, there is another option. A donor egg. Studies reflect that even women over 40 may have a 52% success rate using a donor egg. Women who have trouble carrying to term but whose egg(s) are viable may want to consider a surrogate or gestational carrier. The same IVF method would apply to the surrogate.
Additionally, women who have previously been pregnant and/or given birth through natural methods or using ART techniques are known to have a higher chance of conceiving and birthing once again using ART methods.
Couples who are experiencing low sperm count may choose to use Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI) where a single sperm is injected directly into a woman’s egg for a better likelihood of fertilization. This process is used in conjunction with IVF.
The Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology (SART), an organization of ART providers affiliated with the American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ASRM), has been collecting data and publishing annual reports of pregnancy success rates for fertility clinics in the United States and Canada since 1989.
General information on clinics in your area and throughout the U.S. who are members of The Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology (SART) can be obtained by calling 205.978.5000, extension 109.
According to the Advanced Fertility Center of Chicago, the average cost of a single IVF cycle is approximately $9500, not including medications.
If you live in and have health insurance coverage in one of the following 13 states, you may receive partial to full coverage for infertility issues, IVF cycles or ART procedures. Check with your insurance provider as states mandate different infertility coverage such as lifetime infertility treatment benefit caps of $15,000, 1 IVF session or no IVF cycle – but include other treatments like fertility medications or artificial insemination.
Currently, the list includes Arkansas, California, Connecticut, Texas, Hawaii, Illinois, Maryland, Massachusetts, Montana, New York, Ohio, Rhode Island and West Virginia while Florida and other states are currently under consideration for state mandates concerning these types of procedures.
